Moving-picture machine.



J. A. CAMERON. MOVING PICTURE MACHINE.

nrmonxox rum: nov.21.'19'1o.

1,020,383, Patented Mar. 12, 191:

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

J. A. CAMERON. MOVING PICTURE MACHINE.

urmcnxox mun xov.21.191o.

1,020,383. Patented Mar. 12,1912.

3 SHEETB-BHEET 2.

J. A. CAMERON.

MOVING PICTURE MACHINE.

nruoumx nun xov.21.1p1o.

1,020,383, Patented Mar. 12,1912.

3SKEET8SHEBT 3.

numb STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES a. cannon, or maw YORK, 1v. 1, asszonon :ro cmaaon morons macnmn.

conm, 1a cona oanxox or new you.

' aromanorm momma.

Be it known that'I, James A. Caxnaou,

a citizen of'the United States, and'a resident. of the borough 'of Brooklyn, in the county of -King'sfcit'y and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Moving Pictures Machines, of which the following is a specification. 1

In the prior art of moving picture machines, two distinct types have been developed, viz: one .in which an intermittent sprocket and star wheel is used to move the picture past the exposure opening, and .another, in which a rotary beater, a reciprocating usher,.an oscillat-in member, or similar evice is used to a vance the film intern'iittently .past {the exposure opening.

This-second type will be referred to herein as theordinary. beater construction. The construction employing a starwheel 1s" QblQCilOllflblQ because the wear of the :parts, and the backlash in the gears, to-

1 equally, undesirable.

dition that it is gether with the back lash between the sprocket andthc sprocket holes in the film,

produce inequalities in the feeding of the' film-which prevent uniform register of the picture with the exposure opening.

The construction employing the ordinary beater type is notonly subject to the disadvantages of the has other disadvantages whic 1 ,render it Chief amon these disadvanta es may be mentioned the fact that in mac lines of the ordinary beater ty )e the film advancing member has a set strolte canal to the amount of filmit is desired to a Vance. This makes it necessary, in the roper operation of the device, that the eater shall engage the fihnatthe precise moment it becomes that. -This is a conpractically impossible to obtain,"and for the following reasons: The wearingaction of the film and the ordinary wear from friction in the parts that comprise the beater member will tend to dc crease .the effectiveness of thestroltc of the 'beater, 'with the result that less than a propena'mount of film is advanced by means of the beater, and the remainder must be advanced by other means .and during the time'when' the picture should be projected. The lack of a ob'ectionable.' n the ordinary beater type of machineintermittent s rocket, but

'priorto each film advancing latter of which may be an fixed number oi perforations 1,020,383. n l -qu m melt, I, Patented Mar. 12,1912. Application Iovember 21, 1 919, Serial No. 583,333. To all whom it commato the foot of film causes a further inaccuracy in the effective stroke of the beater. Thestroke must be calculated as to some definite picture length. The number own van the calculated amount, the remainder must be advanced by means other than the beater and at av time when the picture should be projected. The result of advancing the film at a time other than during the normal interval of obscuration is either that the interval of obscuration must be prolonged so as to cover these irregularities or that the film will be moved or crawl during the time of prO ection. Either of these conditions is the len th. of the film, between the retarding an take-u devices intermediate which the heater is lbcated, must necessarily be greater than the length of film between the intermittent sprocket and the retardin device, in the star wheel type of mac ine, hence ,there will be a greater amount of variable inequa re ister of the beater type.

he present invention has for its object to overcome these various objections. To this endthe invention consists in a film retarding device and film advancing means potentially capableof advancin a greater amount of film during each cyc e of the machine than ty in the the amount of film actually to. be advanced acting to produce a slaclr section in the film movement and then acting-to removethe s ack and irregula'rities in the filmandthen to advance the samapast the exposure opening. Specificallythis may be accomplished by suitable retarding and take-up devices, the intermittent or continuously acting sprocket, adapted to move a'definite amount of film during each cycle ofthe machine, and a member which in connection with the said devices acts to advance the film intermittently by alternately producing a slack and a tension in a relatively the lm, said member having! e moving a constant film advancing stro correspondingly having under tension and having a variably effecthen b'e appreciahlyout-of step; with thetimingof t 'tween the film advancin member, the op-' 'oscillatin'ffilm advancin member. Fig.8

in two -po'sitions. Fig. 9 is amodification eorrespQndingkpztrts in the 'jlitierent views. H

J'guides, -such "as the""sproekct "2, with whieh "CQflCtSftllt Y-gllurd roll 3, and the two egmde:

't'orm 'a' suitableietarding' device 'wh ich may.

'tion, may-exert an intermittent pressure or definite amount of film when the latter is the slack take up stroke to take up the slack and irregularities in the film prior to the film advancing-stroke. f It is'faalso desirable to provide a framing device, which, when 0 erated, will not permanently destroy t e relatively constant film advancing stroke of the film advancing member, that is to say, the film advancin" member must always produce substantially the same amount of slack irrespective of the. position of the framing device. "If the ad ustment of the framin device should permanently and a 3- greciab ly alter the normal relation of tie 1m to the film advancing member, so that the latterwould produce a slack of anal)- preciably difl'erent uant ity, the film advancing member wou d -,have a radical new constantfilm advancing, stroke and the new constant- "film advancing-1 stroke. would 0' shutter, thereby producing a Ighostf on the picture Other objectswill appear as the specification proceeds.- a p In the..-'a'ccompanying drawings, the in- 'vention isJembqdied in a concrete and preferred form, but-wide variations may be made from the construction shown without departing from the legitimate -and intended scope of the invention expressed in the ap} pended claims. v a In-the said drawings: Fi re 1 is a'vcrtieal scctionalyiew of a mac iine embodying the invention.:, Figs, 2,3, 4, 5 and (5 are diagrammatic'views showing the relation beeratin'g'camthere'for, an the shutter. ';1ig 7 shows 'amodified form ofdouble-ended.

is a detai yiew 'sho'wing t xe'fra'mingdevice of thefilm'advanci'ng member. 7

'Similar characters or reference indicate The him 1 is led down-over suitable museum 5. ,-'.lhe ifilm then passes dowm'iu openingor light aperture 8. -'-1llese'inembcrsi exert; a continuomft'ension'f on f-the film, for," as in th'el present embodunent of the;m v entension on the i film; fIn the form I here-dis-v closed ,th'ejgate 7 is hin gediat' 9 and "is I uormall h'eld closed under tension by'm'eans'of n w i The latch .is intermittently released by means of the cunt lever 13. ivotally mounted at its lower end' on the stu -l-'l', an'd pivotally t con'nected tothe latc'hlQ at l 'i -A. cam l7,'

mounted on the main shaft 16, acts against in the present instance it comprises two rolls 20 mounted, atfa point intermediate the two rolls, on the rock shaft 21, thereby forming a'double-ended member around which the film is passed. This member is caused to oscillate by suitable meanssuch as the crank 22 and cam 23. The cam 23 will preferably be formed in the flywheel 24.

A suitable shutter as 25 is provided, pivoted at 26 and operated from the cam 16 by means of'the crank lever 27. a

The take-up device takes up or moves a definite amount of film during .each cycle of the'machine.--i'lhis maytak'e the fornrof an intermittent sprocket, or, as-shown in the present .instance, a con'stantl rotating sprocket 28 may be employed wit which cooperates a guard roll 29 pivotally mounted at 30 and normallyheldlin contact with said sprocket by means of the spring 31 actin against the cam 32. When the guard rol QJis turned around its. pivot 30, the spring 31' will hold it in its openpositien. 'l'lieframingdevice may-consist of any suitable-means, but inthe presentrembodiment it consists of a member 33 mounted on the same center as the sprocket28, being 10- cated between the'film advancing member and the sprocket 28. {This framing device is providedwith a suitable surface consisting cre-ofthe plate 84 and roll'35. At its lower end'theiframing devicelis provided with a bifurcated portion'361whioh may be elamped' by-means of the screw 37.

The operation is as follows: Assuming thatthe film has been threaded througlrtho m achine,-the movemeutvof thefilm advancing member 19 will, in the normal operation thereof, intermittently advance an, equal amount of film once-to each cycle of the machute; H, as sometimes happens, :there should -he -a slippery :part on the 'lilm,;.the fil'm wills-lippast'the retardingdevieeavith "lessfrictioirthau usual, aud-the'lilmadvaucing-member. may-. tlu'|s' draw 1down a greate'r :au ount .1fi .-filui than it'should. Owing to tliel'f'faet, 'l' ,Qtif'iuores definite amount 1 of film once .to

eaeh cycleoffth'e nuuzhiue,"there will, under these 'eomliti(ms, be more slack in the; lilln |owever,=that-'the take-up device thanithere ought. tobe,-aml-l-1ence-the film advancing member-wilk-upon its next stroke, eommente to:act}ou theifilm lalerIn mnt o fit ime; mar consequeutl y. a correspomllngly.

use a ammof-film will'be-drawn-down on itsnext stroke. This feature, it may be-rc m: u-ked,-is not \\"llitil=\\'0 :are concerned with m this case, since any machine of the beater and 3) and will then move it downwardly,-

typeemplo ing atake-up device that re-' moves'a de nite amount of film will act in the same manner.

For the ur ose of setting forth the operation of t 1e I .achine, we will assume thatthe-film advancing member operates normally so far as the feature just described is concerned. When so acting, vthe retarding device, com rising the face plate 6 and gate 7, will be tie member that offers resistance to the action on the film b the film advancing member 19 and sproc et 28, serving to retard the advance of the film to the extent that transverse wrinkles and other inequalities in the film are removed and an amount of film corresponding to a picture length only is permitted to enter the field between the-ex osure opening and the take-up device. Vhen the film advancin member occupies the position shown in big. 5,- it. will be inwhatwe shall callits lowermost position, and actin against the retardingdevice- 6-7 will hol the 'film'taut.

In its downfilm' advancing. member ward descent the he thefilm taut (see Figs. .2

will first. ma

still holding the film taut (see Figs. 4 and 6). When the film advancing member moves up, '(Fig. 6) that is, during its idle movement, it will release tl1e.;film-faster than the take-up device 28 takes up the film, and hence at the be inning of its downward stroke there will e an accumulation of slack and wrinkles which returned when the tension was relievedduring slack I interval, as indicated in Fig. 2. New in the' old construction of the beater type, the film advancing member had a stroke equal to the amount of'film to be advanced each time, and if the film was wrinkled transversely, or the slack' had not been previously removed by the take-up-device so that the film 'was brought to a taut line precisely atthe beginning of the stroke, the said stroke of the 'film advancing member would not I be sufficient. to' carry down-the proper amount of film. I

In the present machine, the stroke ofthe film advancing member has a movement potentially-sufficient to move down a greater amount of film than is required, and therefore it the beatealags, the )ropcr amount of film will-still h'e advance by the beater but a less amount of slack will be-preduced;

Likewise, if there is a variation from the standard number of perforations per foot,

the beater will automatically .adopt a slightly'ne'w constant effective stroke for the time bein The film advancing member will therefore cotiperate .with the take-up in removing the slack in the film during its slack-,take up stroke, .that is to say; during the first part of its downward movement and prior to the commencement of the film advancing stroke. In this manner the vice, but it will be understood that the tension thus exerted on-thefilm must not be great enough to prevent-the film advancing member from moving the film. The members 6 and 7 therefore constitute a yielding tension device. It the retarding device. 6 and T isan intermittent one, as in the present case, the timing should he.-anrl is; such 'that thetension-is relieved substantially at the commencement of the film advancing 'movement of the member 19, and returned prior to completion of film advance. \Vhen, as in the present instance, the take:

up device 28 is active during the film ad- .vaneing period,

a certain amount of crawl of -the film is produced. The crawl is. the movement produced by the action of the take-up 28 causing thefilm to slide through or over the film advancing -member,'and a consequent movement of the film past the exposure opening. It is e v1-- dent that inasmuch as the film advancing stroke of the film'advancing member is will also be constant, and hence can be figuredlasla definite part of the film advancing movement. The action of the take-up device 28 will further assist during the slack -relatively constant, the'amount. of crawl take-up stroke of the film advancing mem- I her in taking up the slack and in removing irre ularities in the film.

'1 1e relative movement of the film -advancin member and its efiectupon the film is grap iica-lly illustrated inFigs. 2 to 6 inelusive.

' I One of the objections both to the intermittent sprocket and ordinary beater types of construction is the suddenness and violence with which-the film advancing member rengages the film. This objection is overcome m the present construction by so shaping the .cam 23 that the beginning of the downward stroke of the film advancing member is rela' tively slow. The motion then increases and then slows down again at the end of the stroke. This action is likewise illustrated in Figs. 2 to 6 inclusive. The distance between the lines 40 and 41 indicates. the slow startmg movemcntduring which the cam groove is almost concentric. The distance between the lines 41 and ,42 indicates the relativel quick intermediate movement during whic i 220 ivoted at :1 point..intermedi:1t'e their ,ends.;

35 viewfshouldibeus short usvpossible. flhee'ye ,50 run;together;instrenks.

1'6 ease, ii the; fruiniillgol' the pieture did. inter the rise in the cam is appreciable, and the distance between the lines 42 and 43 shows the slowfinishing movement during which the cam becomes almost concentric-ngiiin.

At the end of the downward movement of thefilm ndvancin 'momber it is necessary to stop the craw produced by the take ,npglevice, so-that the two movements will terminate ntthe sametime, To thisend .the re is preferably provided a. reliefAi in theenni 23,- snbstantmlly at thepoint 43, so

as to free .the film fronrtension at the ,end I of the film advancing stroke; While any suitable film inclvancing ;me m- I .berniaybefemployecl it is )referred ,to have. 1a double-ended mein or like the one 1910f Rig. 1,.eonsistingoftl1e two rolls, or likethe :member-45 shown ill Fi". 7, which consists of .t\\'0 relatively spaced curved plates 4L6 'Ihe ,renson ior this .is that with'za eom 'mratively short ;rudiul ;length more film can ;be; ;1'novcd {in ;a. given angular advance non- 1r; uj-singleeendedmemberwere employed." v g5 Asshowingnn examgleofpther filmed-.

' Naneixigfinembers whie' 1-may beemployed .ethere isgillnstrated in gFi". 9, a single-'endet,

iinember 47 which -,woul f -be {operated iby nf icam,similar to 23,' this film.advuncingmomshot JtlSO Jm'ving a movement potentially sutlieient to mlvnnec -a greater .umount- ,o

iis shoekedlby ethe nlternuhonsvof flight'ktnd darkness,and;thelongerthe perimlof glnrk incssitheggirnterisdlie shock; lhe sensation-f Znr -.efi'eet qirmlueed my {the ulterim'tions10f l tlurltnessgunl :light is-lmown us -,llieker". l

, {Po ,il'etlllec ttllv iperiothlof {obscuration ;it is ienstonmry'itojeommenee moving gthe slightlyfbet'ore,the shutter eutirelyclus the exposureopening. lf,'lio\ve\'er,;lhe,piet-nre A5 ibegius togmove unduly ,in-:ulv :mce mtgor 5 after jthe =obseurution by the{shutter un .efi'eetzknown,:u-rn ghost isprmlndvgl. jet f JUN-E mich'u'egdo not stzrngLout-.elezii'ly lntt v ,5. {is} ilijllierilt do seenregn f ierfeet miner ,of'llbe ;pit ztn'reM'ith ,the, exposure.o 'iening v I i 0 g constnntjv'illbo elemnfrom; 1g. 8 in wine) the, dott ed lines indicate :1dilt'erentposilion s in" pie!urn,muehInes-urea usually provided watt, what: is lill0\\'lljjt8,tls framing device. ll I isluviller t; thnta theg'frnming [of-g the. pieluremust; not; interfere with the! tiiiii ng of .theg li lm imlvnneingmember;- ;In; the present fore; the relative! constant.-e filmudvuneing stroke" of the \film advumcing .memb'er' would be .i pm'eeinhly changed nnd n n npj .pl'ecialily .new eonstnnt ftilm advancing stroke.would be created which would then gh ost-iis -.n emulitlonnvheretheobjeetsiin I I gengnges'gthe ,lilm', substantially on nn are be out of step with the shutter, and the film might begin to move too early in reference to the obscuration of the icture. The effect of this would be a. giost" on the ieture; This condition is avoided as folo vs The timin of the shutter and the film ndvnnein" nem or is nppnoximatcl constant; with -1fe'lation to eneh other; 'Tie film advancing member begins its active or film advancing stroke as soon'as it has taken up the slucknnd irregularities in the film (note particulurl Fig. 2); It will be npparent therefore t mt itthe amount of this slack is poinn nently ,nnd nppreciubly altered, the fi m advancing stroke of the film adfifttlltllhg member .will be correspondingly up- .preeiablynltered. So .then to maintain the fih t-advancing member in Jroper time with the shntter the umo mt of slack produced by the film advancing membcrlmnst be substnih. gti'plly constant'. l have provided forthis by mai'ntainin the angle'lof .the film issuing min-1110111 n ad vn'nei w meansfuconstant .one at 'a given moment in the cycle of the machine "ljhe ,inginn'er in .whieh lthe' shick .is produced will be best understood from a .considerntion of -lfiggp' S. ;From this .it-will ;bo fsecn ,tln1 t us ,the rearward portion of the film lndvuneing member ,moves', upward, an nm ountofsluelmvill beereated in the stretch jofifilm=betu'eenlthe film advancing member n'n'd:frnmingdeviee. ;It.willibeevidenttliat bynltering -the anglebflthe lineoffilm ex- .tendingbetweenthe ,frnming device n'n'd film ndvnnem membeiflthe filinndvnneing memiber {eouh ;be made to ,lcick up ,more ,orless slack. l lint vby keeping lthe angle of this stretch offilm substantiallyconstant at a givelrmnment 1in thecyeleof the machine, su'listnntinlly the same anionntlof slnek will @lKlJJl'UtlltCttl nponeueli stroke of the film ulvnueing member, regardless of the relartive position ,of theYfraini ng device. This res ult is up m ximntedin simple and prac- -tie'al .jwny giiy pivoting the framing device eoneentrii:with the s'proeketroll or take-up whose center; isftl nt, of the: pivrfi'aleenter of f thug-framing devnie. 'lhermnnner in wlneh of thegfrnmin device.

{1 {In a moving dieture ,muehine linving an expos mre lo )e'ni'ng; a film returdin device, ,xindjfilm ndvnncing means potentin ly capa- Qble', of uLdvuneinga greater amount ofgfilm t sure opening.

BEST AVAILABLE cot said film retarding device to remove said slack and irregularities in the film prior to the next film advancing movement. 7

2. In a moving picture machine having an exposure opening,'the combination with a film, of a film retarding device and film advancing means, the latter-potentially capable of advancing a greater amount of film past the exposure opening during each cycle of the machine than tlie'a'mount of film actually to be advanced, said device and means acting upon said film to intermittently 'advance the same past the exposure opening, and to produce a slacksection therein after the film is advanced and to remove said slack and irregularities in said film prior to the next advance of the film past the expo- In a moving picture machinehaving an exposure 9 iening, the combination of, a film retarding dcvicc, film advancing means potentially capable of advancing a greater amount of film past the exposure opening during each cycle of the machine than the amount of film actually to'be advanced, and

a film having a slack. section between the retardingdevice and film advancing means.

during a portion of each cycle of the machine, Stllt' device and means actingupon said section to remove the slack and irregutlarities therein during one portion of the cycle of the machine and thereafter to advance the same during another portion of the same cycle of the machine. p

4. In a moving picture machine provided with air-exposure opening, the combination with't lm retarding andtake-up devices, of

a filinadvancing member,ha'vmg a strok potentially capable of advancing a greater amount of film past'the exposure opening .during each cycle ofthe machine than the amount of film actuallyto be advanced,and

- located intermediate the retarding and takeup devices, acting totake up the slack of and to remove irregularities in the film du'r ing'the first part-of its stroke and to advance the film, past the exposure opening during the second part of its stroke.

5.- In a moving picture machine provided with an exposure opening, the combination with film retarding and take-up devices,.of a film heater, having a stroke potentially capable of advancing a greater'amount'of film past the exposure opening during each cvcle of the machine than the amount of film actually to he'advanceth and located intermediate the retarding and take-up devices acting to take up the slack of and to remove irregularities in the film during the first part of its stroke and to advance the film past the exposure opening during the second hart of its stroke.

6. in a moving picture machine provided with an exposure opening, the-combination with film retarding and take-up devices, the

the same cycle ofthe machine.

latter adaptedto'take up a definite amount offilm during each cycle of the machine, of

exposure opening during the second part of -1ts stroke.

7. In a moving picture machine provided with an exposure opening, the combination 'with film retarding and takeup de vices, the

latter adapted to take up a definite amount; of film during each cycle of the machine, of a film beater having a stroke potentially capable of advancing a greater amountof film past the exposure opening during each cycle of the machine than the amount'of film taken up by the take-up device during the same cycle and located intermediate the-retarding -and take -up devices, for engaging the 'film and acting totake apt-he s'lac and to remove irregularities in the film durmg'th'e first part of its stroke and toadvance the film past the exposure opening during the second part of its stroke.

8. In a moving picture machine having an exposure openin the combination with film retarding and'ta 'e-up devices, of a film advancing member potentially ca able of advancing a greater amount of lm past the exposure opening during each cycle of the machine than the amount of film actually to be adviinced,'and a film having a sleek tion between the retarding and the take-up devices during a portion of each cycle of the nnu-hine,,saicl devices and means acting upon said section to remove the slack and irregularities therein during one portion of the cycle of the machine and thereafter to. advance the same duringanotherportionof the same cycle of the machine.

9, In a moving picture machine having an exposure opening, the combination with film retarding and take-up devices, of a film heater potentially ca able :of advancing a greatermmount of fim as t'the exposure opening during each eye eof the machine than the amount of film actually to be advanced,.and a film having a slaeksection be-' tween the retarding and the take-up devices (luring a portion of each cycle of the machine, said devices and film beater acting upon said-section to remove-the slackand irregularities therein during one portion of the cycle of the m'a'chine and thereafter to advance the same during another portion of 10. In a moving picture machine provided i t A a seer Avian/acts cc.

with n-exposure opening, the combination "with film retarding and -teke-up devices, the

' latterjadapted to take upj'afdefinite amount of film'during each 'cycle ofl'the machine, of

. tween the retarding and take up devices dur-- to advance the same durin member' having a stroke potentiallyifcapa le of advancing-a greater amount ipf mm past .the''xposurd-zopening during "each 'c'ycle'of the machinethan the amount of film taken up by the take-up device during the same-cycle and located intermediate the retarding and take-npdevices,and a film having a slack section bein a portion of each cycle'of the machine, said devices and means acting upon said section to remove the slack and irregularities therein during one portion of the stroke. of the film advancing member and thereafter another portion ofthe stroke of the. filin M vancing member.

. :"11. In a moving picture machine provided 7 'with an exposure opening, the combination vvit-h'film retarding and take-up devices, the 'latter adapted to take up a definite amount and take-up devicesduringa portion of each cycle of the machine, said devices and film beater acting upon said section'to remove the slack and irregularities therein during lone portion ofthe stroke of the film heater and thereafter to advance the same during another portion of the stroke of the filni beater.

12. In a moving nicture machine-provided with an exposure opening, the combination with a dcviee'adaptcd to take up a definite amount of film during each cycle of the machine, a film retarding device adapted .to

hold the film with sufiicient tension to prevent movcmentthereof while any slack and irreg ahu'itics therein are removed by stretching it, and a film advancing member located between the retarding and take-up devices and potentially capable of advancing a greater amount of filmthan'thattaken nph the take-n device during'each cycleof the machine, whereby the film advancing member will, during the part. of its movement, intimately engage said film to take up the slack and place the film under tension thereby removing irregularities therein and when-the film is thus under tension, will act to advance the same during'thc secondepart of its movement."

18. In a-moving picture machine provided with an ex )OSUX'C opening, the combination with a device adapted to take up a definite amount of film during each cycle of the ma its movement, intimately. enga 'c said fil chine, a film retarding device adapted to hold the film with sufiicienttension to'prevent movement thereof while any slack and irregularities are removed by stretching it, and a film'beater located between the retarding and take-up devices and potentiall capableof advancing a reater amount 0 film than-that taken. up y the'take-up device duringeach cycle of the machine, whereby the film beater will, during the first part gt take'up the slack and 'placetie'film under tension thereby removing irrcgularities thcrcin, and when the 'film is thus pn'der tension will act to advance the angle during the second part of its movement."

' 14. In a moving picture machine,'the combination with su table film retarding and take-up devices, the latter adapted to more a definite amount of film during each cycle of. the machine, of a film advancing member, having a stroke, potentially capable of advancing a greater amount of film during each cycle of the machine than the amount the machine than the amount of film actually to be advanced, one part of which constitutes aslack take-up movement andnanother part of which constitutes a film advancing movement.

16. In a movin picture machine havin an exposure opening, the combination ail suitable-film retarding and take-up devices, the .latter adapted to take u a definite. amount of film during each cycl e ofthemachine,of a .fihn advancing member ;having an active andan idle strokeleachrcorresponding to a. fgreater amount :of film than the amountlo :film taken up-bythe-takc-up device during each ot' sa d strokes, said -;fihn advancing .mcmber acting in conjunction with'the devices during thelfirst partmf its activestroke to remove slack and irregularities in=the film and durinmthe second part-of its stroke to advanceltliel'film, and acting during itsidle stroke to'release more film -th'an-the take-up device removes during said idle stroke.

17. :In a :moving picture machine having an ex osureopen1ng,;the combination vwit suitab e film retarding and take-up'dovices,

an i lestroke each ,correspondipg to .1.

BEST AVAiLABLE COl greater amount of film than the amount of lm taken up by the take-up device during each of said-strokes, said film beater acting in conjunction with the devices during the first art of its active stroke to remove slack andnrregularities in the film and-during the second part of its active stroke to advance the film, and acting during its idle stroke to release more film than the take-up device removes durin said idle stroke.

18. In a moving ,picturemachine having an exposure opening, a shutter adapted to coverthe said exposure 0 ening during the advancing movement of t e film, a take-up device, and a film advancing member for intermittently advancin the film past the exposure opening, said fi lm advancing memher having a film advancing stroke whose beginning is substantially constant with relation to thetiming of the shutter, and pict-ure framing meansfor varyin'gthe amount of film between the film advancing member and take-up device without substantially varying the relation between the bcginnin of the film advancing stroke of the film a' vancing member and the timing of the shutter.

19. In a moving picture'machine, a film advancin member, a take-up device, and a framin evice interposed between the film advancing member and-the take-up device over which the film passes after leaving the film advancing member, said framing device adapted to vary the amount of film between the film advancing member and takeup device substantially without altering the angle of the film issuing from. the film ad; vancin member at a given moment in the cycle 0 the machine.

20. In a 'rnoving picture machine having an exposure opening, film retarding and take-u devices, a film advancing member locate intermediate said devices for intermittently advancing the'film past the exposure opening having a stroke potentially capable of advancin a greateramount of film during each c c e of the machine than the amount actua ly to be advanced, one

portion 'of said stroke constituting a slack take-up stroke and another portion constituting a film advancing stroke, a shutter, ada ted to cover the said exposure opening during the advancing movement of the film,

whose movement is timed to be substantially.

constant with relation to the beginning of the film advancing stroke of the film advancing member, and picture framing means r for varying the amount of film between the film advancing member and the'take-up device without varyin the timing of the film advancing stroke with relation to the timing of the shutter.

21. In a moving picture machine having an ex os'ure opening, a film retarding device, ilm advancing means potentially capable ofadvancing a greater amount of film past the exposure opening during each cycle of the machine than the amount of filnr actually to be advanced, acting to produce a substantially constant amount of slack in the film after each film advancing move- ,ment, and then acting in opposition to said film retarding device to remove said 'slack and irregularities'in the film prior-t0 the next filmadvancing movement, and a framing device for framing the film at the exposure opening without permanently varyng the constant amount of slack produced in the film by the film advancing'means..

.22. In. a'-moving picture machine pro-- vided with an exposure opening, the combination with a device adated to-take up a definite amount of film uring each cycle of the machine, anintermittently acting film retarding device adapted to hold the film with sufiicienttension to prevent movement thereof while any slack and irregularities therein are removed by stretching it, and a film advancing member located between the retarding and take-up devices and potentially capable of advancing a m-eater amount of,fil1n tlian' that taken 11 by the take-up device during eachcycle 0 the machine, whereby the film advancing member will, during the firstpart of its movement, intimately engage said film to take up the slack and place the film under tension there-' by removing irregularities therein and when the film is thus under tension, will act to advance the same during the secondpart of its movement.

' 23. In a moving picture-machine provided with an exposure opening, the combination with a device adapted to take up a definiteamount of film during each cycle of the machine, an intermittently acting film retarding device adapted to hold the film with sufiicient tension to prevent move ment thereof while any slack and irregularitake-up devices and potentially ca able of advancinga greater amount of fim than that taken ufp by the take-up device during take up the slack and place the film under tension -therebv removing irregularities therein, and when the film is thus undertension will act to advance the same'duringthe second part of its movement. 24. Inia moving picture machine having an exposure opemn qan intermittent}? acting film retarding device, and film a macing means potentially capable of advancing a greater amount of film past the exposure opening during each cycle of the machine than the amount of film actually to be advanced, acting t produce a slack in the 'tiesare removed by stretching it, and a film I beater located between the retarding and BEST AVAlLABLE CV film a fter each film advancing movement, and han acting in opposition tr said film retarding device to remove said slack and irregularities in the. film prior to the next lilm advamcing movement.

In a moving picture machine having an cqmsure opening, the emnhinati'on of an intermittently acting tihn retarding device,v

film advara-ing means potcntiallv capable of advancing a greater amount of lm past the exposure opening during each. cycle of the machine than the amount of film actually tohe advanced, and a film having a sla'ct section la-hvecn the retarding device and film advaneina means during a portion 'of each cycle of the machine, said device and means acting upon said section to remove the slack and irregularities therein during one portion of the cycle of the machine and thereafter to advance the same during another portion of the same cycle of the ma- Chine.

26. In a moving picture machine having an exposure opening, a film retarding device and film advancing means: comprising two members, one" a take-up device adapted to take 11, a picture length once to each cycle of tiie machine and the other a'-film beater'having a stroke potentially capable of advancing a greater amount of film during each cycle of the machine than the amount at film actually to be advanced past the exposure opening, the two members act- 'ing on the film, in opposition to the retarding dcviee, te make it. taut by removing slack and irregularities therein, and then act ng to advance the lilm a picture length paSt. the exposure opening.

27. In a. moving picture machine having an ex osure opening, an intermittently act.-

ing fi m retardinr device, and film advanco mg means coinprismgtwo members, one a ta"e-up device adapted to take up a picture length once to each'cycle ofthe machine, and theother a film heater having a stroke potentially capable of advancing, a greater amount of film during each cycle of the. machine than the amount of film actually to be advanced past. the exposure opening, the two members acting on the film, in opposition to the retarding device, to make it taut by removing slack and irregularities therein, and then acitin to advance the film a picture length past he ex osure opening.

Signed at borough of I anhattan, New York citv, in the county of New York and State of New York this 14th day of'Novemher A. D. 1910.

o JAMES A. CAMERON. Witnesses:

Lanna E. Sam-n, A'aur. V. lil-ll-HUZN. 

